JVATiTD - Articles
Official publication of CEVAP/UNESP
Human visceral leishmaniasis and polymorphisms in interleukin-coding genes: a systematic review
Amanda Virginia Batista Vieira1,2, Manuela Rocha de Menezes2, Pablo Cantalice Santos Farias3, Elis Dionísio da Silva4, Gilberto Silva Nunes Bezerra5, Walter Lins Barbosa Júnior2, Zulma Maria de Medeiros1,2 [ + show more ]
Received: 05 April 2024 | Accepted: 30 August 2024 | Published online: 18 october 2024
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2024-0018
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease that is typical of tropical and subtropical parts of the world and is caused by the trypanosomatid Leishmania donovani complex. This disease is a multifactorial condition that involves parasitic, environmental, and immunogenetic characteristics. Genetic changes in genes encoding cytokines may be associated with changes in their expression and, consequently, with the development of clinical resistance or susceptibility to the disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin genes influence the clinical consequences of visceral leishmaniasis infection. To this end, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis with structured searches in the EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science databases without time restrictions. Two independent reviewers examined the studies, performed data extraction, and assessed quality by assigning scores. If there were any discrepancies, a third reviewer with more experience was consulted. After the screening process, 28 articles were included in the systematic review and 9 in the final analysis of the meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out using various genetic models. The odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the associations. Overall, the main clinical outcomes were classified as not associated or associated when they presented susceptibility, resistance, risk, or protective factors for the development of the disease. Associations between IFN-γ +874T/A polymorphisms in the dominant model (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.13-2.38, I2 = 0%, p < 0.01) and heterozygous model (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.15-2.57, I2 = 0%, p < 0.01) and IL-18 -137G/C in the recessive model (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.71, I2 = 9%, p = 0.03) and VL were observed. For the IL-10 gene SNPs, there was no significant association. Our findings suggest that SNPs in the IFN-γ and IL-18 genes may be associated with the risk of developing VL.
Keywords: Kala-azar; Visceral leishmaniasis; Leishmania sp.; Single base polymorphism; Systematic review.